Open Access
Review
Table 1
Classification and scenario-specific applications of common magnetorheological materials.
| Matrix type | Characteristics | Research focus | Application field |
| Liquid matrix (magnetorheological fluid) | Using water or oil as a carrier, the magnetic particles are uniformly dispersed, with good fluidity and rapid response speed for continuous, reversible rheological properties | Prevent particle settling and agglomeration to improve anti-aging properties; optimize dispersants to extend the service life of materials; study the effects of temperature, magnetic field, and other factors on material properties | 1. Automotive: Shock absorbers for passenger cars (improving ride comfort), brakes/clutches (smooth torque control) 2. Precision Manufacturing: Magnetorheological polishing of hard materials (e.g., sapphire, optical lenses) 3. Aerospace: Vibration isolation systems for satellite components (reducing micro-vibrations) 4. Civil Engineering: Damping devices for high-rise building sway (wind/earthquake resistance) |
| Solid-like matrix (magnetorheological grease, magnetorheological plastic) | With a morphology between liquid and solid, exhibiting certain viscoelasticity, and capable of undergoing significant rheological properties under the influence of a magnetic field | Controlling the range of material viscoelasticity; improving the compatibility of solid-like substrates with magnetic particles; enhancing the fatigue resistance of materials | 1. Sealing: Intelligent seals for industrial valves (preventing leakage under variable pressure) 2. Robotics: Driving joints for bionic robots (precision motion control without fluid leakage) 3. Construction: Seismic reinforcement for prefabricated building connections (absorbing impact energy) 4. Medical Equipment: Flexible grippers for minimally invasive surgical tools (gentle tissue handling) |
| Solid matrix (magnetorheological foam, magnetorheological elastomer) | Rubber/polymer-based matrix with embedded magnetic particles, maintaining fixed shape, excellent mechanical properties, and high stability | Optimization of the interfacial bonding strength between particles and matrix; enhancement of the wear resistance of the material; improvement of the magnetorheological properties of the material under complex stresses | 1. Aerospace: Solid-state dampers for aircraft engine mounts (withstanding high temperatures/vibrations) 2. Automotive: Suspension bushings (adapting to road conditions for stability/comfort) 3. Protective Equipment: Intelligent helmets (absorbing impact energy during collisions) 4. Acoustics: Active sound-absorbing panels for high-speed trains (reducing interior noise at different speeds) 5. Medical: Tactile sensors for prosthetics (simulating human skin pressure perception) |
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