Table 1.
Analysis of the state of starting material working principle for AM processes [1].
| State of starting material | Process | Material preparation | Layer creation method | Typical materials | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filament | FDM | Melted in nozzle | Continuous extrusion & deposition | Thermoplastics, waxes | Prototypes, casting patterns |
| Robocasting | Paste in nozzle | Continuous extrusion | Ceramic paste | Functional parts | |
| Liquid | SLA | Resin in a vat | Laser scanning | UV curable resin, ceramic suspension | Prototypes, casting patterns |
| MJM | Polymer in jet | Ink-jet printing | Acrylic plastic, wax | Prototypes, casting patterns | |
| SLS | Powder in bed | Laser scanning | Thermoplastics, waxes, metal powder, ceramic powder | Prototypes, casting patterns, metal and ceramic | |
| SLM | Powder in bed | Laser scanning | Metal | Tooling, functional parts | |
| Powder | EBM | Powder in bed | Electron beams scanning | Metal | Tooling, functional parts |
| 3DP | Powder in bed | Drop-on-demand binder printing | Polymer, metal, ceramic, other powders | Prototypes, casting shells, tooling | |
| Solid sheet | LOM | Laser cutting | Feeding and binding of sheets with adhesives | Paper, plastic, metal | Prototypes, casting models |
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