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Table 3

XPS C1s components peak position and relative percentage (%), for all the samples, obtained from each deconvolution procedure. Assignation to each chemical shift has been done according to [25].

  C1s components (%)

  400 °C 400 °C + O2 600 °C 600 °C + O2 800 °C 800 °C + O2
C–(C/H) (284.5 eV) 66.6 46.8 77.0 58.3 72.7 61.8
C–O–(C/H) (285.5–286.2 eV) 21.7 18.0 9.6 10.5 7.4 2.0
C═O (286.5–287.4 eV) 5.5 15.8 5.2 18.0 8.3 21.4
C–O–§C═O (288.0–288.7 eV) 3.2 12.0 3.6 3.5 5.0 10.8
H–O–§C═O (288.8–289.0 eV) 7.4 9.7 4.0
π−π* (>290 eV) 3.0 4.6 6.6
C—O bonds (%) 30.4 53.2 18.4 41.7 20.7 38.2

§ highlights the bond interested in the reported chemical shift, where more than one C and O bond is involved.

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