Table 2
Direct Energy Deposition techniques.
| Method | Benefits | Fe-based alloys | Other metals | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Laser deposition [29,30] | Build up on any freeform substrate Multi-material process |
Stainless steels, H13 tool steel, | Inconel 625, Ti alloy, Cr, W, magnets | Rapidly prototyping of metallic parts, complex and customized parts, clad/repair precious metallic components and manufacture/repair in remote or logistically weak locations. |
| Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS®) [29,31] | ||||
| Gas metal Arc Welding (GMAW) / Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) [32] | High build speed Cost efficient |
Stainless Steel | Ti and Al alloys | Medium and large aerospace components |
| Direct Electron Beam Manufacturing (DEBM) [33,34] | Fastest build process; Large metal structures can be produced; Reduced wastes |
Stainless Steel, 4340 Steel | Ti-, Ta-, W-, Cu-, Al-, Nb-, and Ni-based alloys | Aerospace, medical, nuclear components, marine systems, tooling repair |
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