Open Access
Table 4
Ranking and effect of different variable.
| Variable | Problem | Possible solution |
|---|---|---|
| 1) Nozzle jets | ||
| 1-a) Plugs | Production rate Asymmetric flow pattern Big and local recirculation Turbulence Random meniscus fluctuations Dead zone |
Symmetric plugging method+ (Slot-submerged inlet system*) Jet-killer* Slot-submerged inlet system* Symmetric plugging method+ Submerged inlet system* Avoiding to plug most outer sides+ Slot inlet system* |
| 1-b) Misalignment | Asymmetric flow Local recirculation More sensitive (un-even) shell Random meniscus fluctuation Air bubbles |
(Tool for double control+) Slot-submerged inlet system* Jet-killer* Plug out the first cooling channel+ (Slot) Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* |
| 1-c) Dimension | Higher inlet velocity Turbulence Higher meniscus fluctuations Nozzle freezing Air bubbles |
(Tool for double control+) Slot inlet system* Submerged inlet system* More often cleaning+ Semi-slot inlet system* Submerged inlet system* |
| 2) Level of meniscus (longer free stream) | Random meniscus fluctuations Big & local recirculation Air bubbles |
Postpone shell formation (Plug out the first cooling channel)+ Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* |
| 3) Tundish | ||
| 3-a) Height (longer free stream) |
Random meniscus fluctuations Big & local recirculation Air bubbles |
Postpone shell formation (Plug out the first cooling channel)+ Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* Submerged inlet system* |
| 3-b) Misplacement | Asymmetric flow pattern Un-even shell growth |
(Tool for double control+) Slot-submerged inlet system* Plug out the first cooling channel+ (Slot) Submerged inlet system* |
| 3-c) Liquid level | Casting/Inlet velocity | |
| Inlet/casting speed | Turbulence Air bubbles Big recirculation Random meniscus fluctuations |
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