Open Access
Table 3
Final dataset with 32 articles.
| No | Articles | Title | Theoretical study | Empirical study | Case study types | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNC machine | Robotic arm | Lab equipment | |||||
| 1. | Stock and Seliger [15] | Opportunities of Sustainable Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 2. | Lins, Guerreiro [5] | A novel methodology for retrofitting CNC machines based on the context of industry 4.0 | √ | √ | |||
| 3. | Arjoni, Madani [8] | Manufacture Equipment Retrofit to Allow Usage in the Industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| 4. | Ferreira, Albano [82] | A pilot for proactive maintenance in industry 4.0 | √ | √ | |||
| 5. | Lins and Oliveira [47] | Cyber-physical production systems retrofitting in context of industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 6. | Contreras Pérez, Cano Buitrón [6] | Methodology for the retrofitting of manufacturing resources for migration of SME towards Industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 7. | Langmann and Rojas-Pena [83] | A PLC as an Industry 4.0 component | √ | √ | |||
| 8. | Vachalek, Bartalsky [84] | The digital twin of an industrial production line within the industry 4.0 concept | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 9. | Al-Maeeni, Kuhnhen [43] | Smart retrofitting of machine tools in the context of industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 10. | Pueo, Santolaria [76] | Design methodology for production systems retrofit in SMEs | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 11. | Zambetti, Khan [57] | Enabling servitisation by retrofitting legacy equipment for Industry 4.0 applications: benefits and barriers for OEMs | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 12. | Guerreiro, Lins [13] | Definition of Smart Retrofitting: First Steps for a Company to Deploy Aspects of Industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 13. | Di Carlo, Mazzuto [42] | Retrofitting a Process Plant in an Industry 4.0 Perspective for Improving Safety and Maintenance Performance | √ | √ | |||
| 14. | Niemeyer, Gehrke [85] | Getting Small Medium Enterprises started on Industry 4.0 using retrofitting solutions | √ | √ | |||
| 15. | Lima, Massote [86] | IoT Energy Retrofit and the Connection of Legacy Machines Inside the Industry 4.0 Concept | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 16. | Lins, Augusto Rabelo Oliveira [87] | Industry 4.0 Retrofitting | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 17. | Etz, Brantner [41] | Smart Manufacturing Retrofit for Brownfield Systems | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 18. | García, Cano [12] | Digital retrofit: A first step toward the adoption of Industry 4.0 to the manufacturing systems of small and medium-sized enterprises | √ | √ | |||
| 19. | Herwan, Kano [40] | Retrofitting old CNC turning with an accelerometer at a remote location towards Industry 4.0 | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 20. | Tzou, Fan [55] | Embedded smart box for legacy machines to approach to I4.0 in smart manufacturing | √ | √ | |||
| 21. | Garcia-Garza, Ahuett-Garza [88] | A Case about the Upgrade of Manufacturing Equipment for Insertion into an Industry 4.0 Environment | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| 22. | Jónasdóttir, Dhanani [89] | Upgrading Legacy Equipment to Industry 4.0 Through a Cyber-Physical Interface | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 23. | Kancharla, Bekaert [90] | Augmented Reality Based Machine Monitoring for Legacy Machines: a retrofitting use case | √ | √ | |||
| 24. | Tantscher and Mayer [18] | Digital Retrofitting of legacy machines: A holistic procedure model for industrial companies | √ | √ | |||
| 25. | Schulz [91] | FDI and the Industrial Internet of Things | √ | √ | |||
| 26. | Kostolani, Murín [92] | An effective industrial control approach | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 27. | Haskamp, Orth [49] | Implementing an OPC UA interface for legacy PLC based automation systems using the Azure cloud: An ICPS-architecture with a retrofitted RFID system | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 28. | Rupprecht, Trunzer [93] | Concepts for Retrofitting Industrial Programmable Logic Controllers for Industry 4.0 Scenarios | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 29. | Ferreira, Arif [94] | Retrofitting, open-sourcing, and characterisation of a legacy fused deposition modelling system | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 30. | Biesinger, Meike [95] | A digital twin for production planning based on cyber-physical systems: A Case Study for a Cyber-Physical System | √ | √ | √ | √ | |
| 31. | Xing, Liu [96] | Low-Cost Precision Monitoring System of Machine Tools for SMEs | √ | √ | √ | ||
| 32. | Zhong, Wang [97] | An IoT-enabled Real-time Machine Status Monitoring Approach for Cloud Manufacturing | √ | √ | √ | ||
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