Fig. 3
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Real-time keyhole detection in LPBF. (a) Schematic of the simultaneous synchrotron X-ray and thermal imaging experiment, (b) Megahertz X-ray images of intrinsic keyhole oscillation with no keyhole pore generated, (c) Megahertz X-ray images of perturbative keyhole oscillation with a keyhole pore generated. (reprinted with permission from Ref. [27]).
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