Open Access
Review
Table 1
MMC fabrication categories [11].
| Composite type/Process | Examples (Reinforcement/Matrix) | Main features |
|---|---|---|
| Solid state processing | ||
| In-situ forming − internal oxidation | Al2O3/SiO2 BeO particulate in Cu or Ag | Modest strength strength improvement |
| Good electrical conductivity | ||
| Powder forming | ||
| Sintered aluminum powder | Al2O3 particulate/Al matrix | Moderate strength and stiffness around 300 °C |
| Long or short fibers or particulate incorporated by powder metallurgy | Low density | |
| Good stiffness/strength to modest particulate incorporated temperatures | ||
| Low density | ||
| Low thermal expansion | ||
| Mechanical alloying | Oxide particles in super alloy matrix | High performance alloy |
| High strength at high temperatures | ||
| Diffusion bonding | ||
| Long fibers in intermetallic | SiC fibers in Ti3Al etc. | Some problems over oxidation at high temperatures |
| Liquid state processing | ||
| Molten metal mix processing | SiC or Al2O3/Light alloy matrices | Modest improvements in properties |
| Infiltration of performs | SiC whiskers,Al2O3 fibers/Al alloys C/Al and Mg alloys SiC/Ti alloys B/Al alloys | Good stiffness and strength to 200 °C |
| Low density | ||
| Low thermal conductivity | ||
| Dispersion Semi solidus processing | Various ceramic dispersoids into the melt Si in Al | Some problems in controlling the microstructure |
| Modest strength | ||
| Good wear characteristics | ||
| Spraying | Particulate/short or long fibers in alloy matrices, for example, Sic or Al2O/in Al alloys | Good stiffness and strength |
| Low density | ||
| Low thermal expansion coefficient | ||
| In situ processing | TiB2 particulate/Al alloy | Good strength ductility and toughness |
| Fatigue resistant | ||
| Other techniques | ||
| Molecular level mixing | Carbon nano tubes (CNTs) reinforced copper(Cu) matrix nano composites | No clustering of molecules |
| Uniform dispersion | ||
| CIP + HIP | TiCp particulate/Al alloy | Formation of oxidation constraint of high temperature use |
| Sputtering method | Titanium aluminide alloy, Ti–Al–Nb, on short length Sic fibers | Microstructure modification |
| Clean environment with excellent impurity control | ||
| Good repeatability/reproducibility | ||
| Homogeneity of the deposited matrix | ||
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