Open Access
Table 1
Overview of various work and cutting tool materials along with machining process variables for hard turning.
| (a) Tool geometry for hard turning | |||||
| Author | Workpiece material and hardness | Cutting tool | Cutting parameters | Tool geometry | Machining characteristic(s) |
| Guddat et al. [19] | AISI 52100 (58–62 HRC) | PCBN | Cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate | Insert type, nose radius, edge radius, chamfer angle | Surface integrity |
| Davoudinejad and Noordin [20] | DF-3 tool steel (58 HRC) | PVD-TiN coated mixed ceramic insert | Cutting speed, tool length, feed | Chamfered, honed edge geometry | Tool wear, tool life, cutting forces, surface integrity |
| Anthony [21] | AISI D2 (55 HRC) | Multicoated carbide, cermet, ceramic inserts | Cutting velocity, depth of cut and feed rate | Nose radius, clearance angle, rake angle | Cutting force, chip morphology |
| Zerti et al. [22] | AISI D3 | Mixed ceramic tool | Cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed rate | Nose radius, major cutting edge angle | Surface finish, tangential force, cutting force, cutting power |
| Aouici et al. [23] | AISI H11 (50 HRC) | Coated and uncoated ceramic tool | Cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed | Nose radius | Cutting forces |
| (b) Lubrication and cooling techniques for hard turning operation | |||||
| Author | Workpiece material and hardness | Cutting tool | Cutting parameters | Lubrication/cooling techniques | Machining characteristic(s) |
| Paul and Varadarajan [24] | AISI 4340 (46 HRC) | Multilayer coated carbide insert | Cutting speed, feed | Minimal fluid application | Tool vibration, cutting force, temperature, surface finish, wear in tool |
| Sahu et al. [25] | AISI 1015 (43 HRC) | Carbide insert | Cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed rate | Spray impingement cooling and dry environment | Surface roughness, cutting temperature, material removal rate |
| Mia and Dhar [26] | AISI 1060 (40–56 HRC) | Coated carbide tool | Cutting speed, feed | Dry, high pressure coolant system | Surface roughness, cutting temperature |
| Nouioua et al. [27] | X210Cr12 steel | Multilayer coated carbide insert | Cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed rate, nose radius | Dry, wet, minimum quantity lubrication | Surface roughness, cutting force |
| Kaynak and Gharibi [28] | AISI 4140 (42 HRC) | Carbide insert | Cutting velocity, depth of cut, feed rate | MQL, cryogenic cooling | Wear in tool |
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