Open Access
Table 1
FE simulation parameters.
| Parameters | Value |
|---|---|
| Ring outer diameter, inner diameter and height (mm) | 900.0, 790.0, 120.0 |
| Blank outer diameter, inner diameter and height (mm) | 500.3, 304.4, 141.5 |
| Radii of main roll, mandrel and guide rolls (mm) | 550.0, 130.0, 100.0 |
| Conical angle of axial rolls (°) | 35 |
| Temperature of rolls (°C) | 300 |
| Temperature of ambient (°C) | 25 |
| Rotational speed of main roll (rad/s) | 2.1 |
| Friction coefficient | 0.3 |
| Convective heat transfer coefficient (W/(K m2)) | 17.2 |
| Thermal emissivity (W/(m2 K4)) | 0.7 |
| Interfacial heat transfer coefficient (W/(K m2)) | 4000 |
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