Open Access
Review
Table 3
Processing parameters used by the investigators in stir casting for producing AA7075 MMCs.
| Melt temperature |
Preheating temperatures | Wetting agent | Protective environment | Impeller details | Degassing agent | Stirring speed/time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | SiCp: 250 °C | – | Argon gas | – | – | – | [50] |
| 720 °C | SiCp: 250 °C | – | Argon gas | – | – | 300 rpm/20 min | [51] |
| 710 °C | – | – | – | – | Hexa chloro ethane tablet | 400 rpm/10 min | [14] |
| 800 °C | SiCp: 250 °C Mold: 400 °C |
– | – | – | Hexa chloro ethane tablet | 300 rpm/12–15 min | [62] |
| 850 °C | Nano–SiC: 250 °C | – | – | 3 blades; stainless steel material | – | 750 rpm/10 min | [64] |
| 750–800 °C, held for 1 h | Nano–SiC: 400–550 °C Die: 300 °C |
1 %wt. Mg | – | – | – | 500–650 rpm | [66] |
| Raised to: 7000, down to: 630–640 °C Raised to: 7000 |
– | – | Argon gas | BN coated, 2 blades | – | 900 rpm/5 min | [34] |
| 715 °C | Al2O3 & SiC: 900 °C | – | Inert gas & electromagnetic assisted | – | – | – | [7] |
| Raised to: 750 °C, down to: 620 °C | – | – | – | – | – | 600 rpm | [68] |
| – | – | – | Argon gas | – | – | 450 rpm | [70] |
| 725 °C | SiC & ZrO2: 300 °C Die: 250 °C |
– | – | – | – | 350 rpm | [72] |
| 750 °C | SiC, graphite, hBN, and MoS2: 450 °C | Mg ribbon | – | – | – | 200–300 rpm/15 min | [73] |
| 800 °C for 2 h | SiC & Graphene: 1000 °C, 2 h Die: 300 °C, 2 h |
– | – | – | 5 g of nucleant & degasser | 200 rpm/10 min | [36] |
| 750 °C | SiC and TiB2: 450 °C,0.5 h | 2% Mg | – | – | – | 300 rpm/10 min | [74] |
| 650 °C for 2–h, raised to 750 °C & 730–800 °C | MWCNT: 650 °C for 2 h. Mold: 250 °C for about 2 h |
– | – | 3 bladed, stainless steel stirrer coated with alumina | Hexa–chloro ethane | 200–400 rpm/10–20 min | [32] |
| 900 °C | n–alumina: 650 °C | 1 %wt. Mg | – | stainless steel stirrer coated with alumina | – | – | [29] |
| 850 °C | – | – | – | spiral–shaped stirrer | – | 500 rpm for 5 min | [83] |
| – | Alumina & hBN: 500 °C | – | ultrasonic assisted cavitation | – | 10grams hexafluoride (Na3AlF6) for slag removal | – | [21] |
| 720 °C | Al2O3 and flyash: 300 °C for 3 h | 3 % Mg | – | – | – | – | [28] |
| 650 °C | nano–Al2O3 and nano–SiC: 900 °C | 1 %wt. Mg | – | 3 bladed, stainless steel stirrer coated with alumina | – | 10 min | [30] |
| 800 °C | SiC: 250 °C Mold: 400 °C |
– | – | – | Hexa chloro ethane tablet | 300 rpm/12–15 min | [62] |
| 780 °C | B4C and Coconut shell flyash: 300 °C |
– | – | – | Potassium titanium fluoride | 800 rpm/10 min | [87] |
| – | B4C & rice husk ash: 300 °C/40 min Mold: 450 °C |
– | Argon gas/10 lt./min | – | Potassium titanium fluoride | 415 rpm | [46] |
| 680 °C, 15 min–raised to 900 °C–raised to1100 °C | Steel die: 300 °C | – | Argon gas/3.5 L/min | – | – | 450 rpm/10 min raised to 500 rpm/15 min | [25] |
| 850 °C | B4C: 300 °C Flyash: 400 °C |
1 %wt. Mg | Argon gas | graphite stirrer impeller of blade angle 300 with stainless steel rod |
Potassium titanium fluoride | 550 rpm | [26] |
| 1000 °C | B4C & Flyash: 500 °C. 1 h | 1 %wt. Mg | – | – | – | – | [88] |
| – | B4C & BN: 550 °C | – | – | – | – | 600 rpm/15 min | [89] |
| 750 °C, 20 min, raised to 850 °C, raised to 950 °C | Steel die:350 °C | – | Argon and SF6 gas mixture at 3.5 L/min | – | – | 500 rpm/15 min, raised to 600 rpm/20 min | [42] |
| 1000 °C | B4C & cow dung ash: 400 °C | – | – | 4 blades/450 | – | 300–400 rpm/3 min | [33] |
| 800 °C | TiC: 200 °C | – | – | – | – | 300 rpm/10 min | [27] |
| 740 °C, reduced to 590 °C | – | – | – | – | – | 350 rpm/10 min | [94] |
| 850 °C | Die: 250 °C | – | – | – | – | 700 rpm/10 min | [95] |
| 950 °C | Si3N4: 450 °C | – | – | – | – | 250 rpm/10 min | [100] |
| 780–800 °C | Si3N4: 350–375 °C | – | – | – | – | 4–5 min | [101] |
| 650 °C | TaC/Si3N4/Ti: 550 °C | – | – | – | – | 200 rpm/5 min | [35] |
| 750 °C | MoSi2:400 °C, 2 h | – | – | graphite impeller blade/300 | – | 540 rpm, 500 rpm–10 min | [38] |
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