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Table 4
Summary of flow stress behaviour of hot deformed refractory high entropy alloys.
| Alloy composition | Strain rate (s−1) |
Strain | Temp. (°C) |
Findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlNb2TiV | 10−3 | 0.33 | 600, 800 and 1000 | An increase in temperature leads to a decrease in yield stress, initially slowly at 600 and 800 °C, and then rapidly at 1000 °C. Softening with steady flow was observed indicating the occurrence of dynamic recovery. | [80] |
| AlNbTi3VZr1.5 | 10−3 to 1 | – | 1100,1150, 1200,1250 | All the flow stress softens, signifying the occurrence of DRX. | [71] |
| ZrTiHfNb0.5Ta0.5 | 10−3 | 0.5 | 700, 800 and 900 | The stress increased rapidly and then decreased to a stable value with an increase in deformation. | [81] |
| WReTaMo | 10−3 | 0.25 | 1600 | At 1600 °C, the WReTaMo alloy shows continuous strengthening without peak stress until the final testing point at strain of 25%. | [82] |
| Nb40Ti25Al15V10Ta5Hf3W2 | 10−3 | 0.69 | 800, 900 and 1000 | Samples deformed at 800 °C show strain hardening. Samples deformed at 900 °C and 1000 °C show persistent softening after yielding which signifies dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. | [41] |
| Nb30Mo30Hf20Co20 | 10−4 | 0.6 | 600, 800 and 1000 | Steep and delayed strain hardening stage was observed in the flow stress curves at 22 °C and 600 °C. Softening with steady-flow stages was observed at 1000 °C, signifying dynamic recovery. | [83] |
| CxHf0.25NbTaW0.5 | 1−3 | – | 1000, 1200 and 1400 | A continuous hardening after the yield was observed in all the specimens. As the temperature increased, the steady-state stress appeared at lower strain values. | [84] |
| TaNbHfZrTi | 10−5 to 10−1 | – | 750 | Deformation strengthening occurred and the flow stress increased continuously with an increase in the plastic strain at high-strain rates | [50] |
| TixZrVNb | 10−3 | – | 600 and 800 | At 800°C, the strengths of the alloys significantly decreased. Furthermore, a serrated curve was also observed at 800 °C due to the alternating softening deformation and recrystallization | [85] |
| HfMoNbTaTi | 10−2 | 0.8 | 800, 1000 and 1200 | A continuous drop in the flow stress started at the peak stress (strain = 0.027), proceeded by a steady-state flow stage from a strain of 0.8. Dynamic recrystallization behaviour was observed during compression at 1200 °C. | [86] |
| NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr | 10−3 | – | 800, 1000 and 1200 | At 1000 °C, dynamic recrystallization of the alloy occurs after a short stage of strain hardening. At 1200 °C, further decrease in the flow stress, followed by weak softening and a steady state flow (dynamic recovery). | [52] |
| HfMoNbTaTiZr | 10−3 | – | 800, 1000 and 1200 | At 800 °C, work hardening occurred. At 1000 °C and 1200 °C, dynamic recrystallization occurred. | [87] |
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